au maire Denis Coderre de conclure que «nous sommes tous des immigrants»

Roger Boivin a écrit:

Voilà notre Denis Coderre :

ROBERT. a écrit:
Si je comprends bien la photo qui suit le maire Coderre,

nous n'avons qu'une partie de la personnalité du 1^er Magistrat de Montréal ?

A la décharge de M. Coderre, ce collier est l'apanage de beaucoup de maires

et que beaucoup de ceux-ci ne sont pas tous F.M...
.

ROBERT a écrit:
Auriez-vous la même photo, pleine grandeur ?

Signification de l'écharpe ?  Merci Roger..

Roger Boivin a écrit:

ROBERT. a écrit:
Si je comprends bien la photo qui suit le maire Coderre,

nous n'avons qu'une partie de la personnalité du 1^er Magistrat de Montréal ?

A la décharge de M. Coderre, ce collier est l'apanage de beaucoup de maires

et que beaucoup de ceux-ci ne sont pas tous F.M...
.

ROBERT a écrit:
Auriez-vous la même photo, pleine grandeur ?

Signification de l'écharpe ?  Merci Roger..

C'est récemment lors de la Saint-Patrick.

J'ignorais que  beaucoup de maires avaient ce collier sans être F.M.

Non, je n'ai pas la photo pleine grandeur.

Eric a écrit:Chers Robert et Roger,
Pour le collier, il s'agit en effet (en apparence) d'un collier d'ordre ....
Il semble que chez vous ce soit une tradition assez ancienne de décorer ainsi le maire de Montréal.

http://www2.ville.montreal.qc.ca/archives/democratie/democratie_fr/expo/institutions-municipales/elus-municipaux/piece9/index.shtm

Légende a écrit:Collier du maire. - [1978]. - 1 photographie.

VM94,Uc1873-1

Robert a écrit:
Signification de l'écharpe ?

ROBERT. a écrit:.
Grand merci à vous, chers Éric et Benjamin, pour toutes ces informations très pertinentes.

Eric a écrit:
Tiens, regardes la symbolique déchiffrée et portée par la bélière de ce collier d'ordre d'empaffés !!!!

Vu le compas et l’équerre à peine dissimulés ???? ....

Merci Éric. A peine subtils, en effet, ce compas et cette équerre formés des deux épées.  

Quel  "empaffé" portait ce collier ?  Quel est cet ordre ?

Eric a écrit:
http://www.bide-et-musique.com/song/14824.html

Vous êtes disk-jockey à présent ?

Eric a écrit:

Très perspicace, fin et drôle; même si le sujet est (très) lourd !!!!

Eric a écrit:http://www.bide-et-musique.com/song/14824.html

Boot Boys - Mitterrand a écrit:
Il n'a jamais rien fait pour toi,
Il n'a jamais rien fait pour moi,
Il n'a jamais rien fait pour toi,
Il n'a jamais rien fait pour moi
Mitterrand, Mitterrand, Mitterrand, tu nous mens !

ROBERT. a écrit:

Eric a écrit:
Tiens, regardes la symbolique déchiffrée et portée par la bélière de ce collier d'ordre d'empaffés !!!!

Vu le compas et l’équerre à peine dissimulés ???? ....

Merci Éric. A peine subtils, en effet, ce compas et cette équerre formés des deux épées.  

Quel  "empaffé" portait ce collier ?  Quel est cet ordre ?

Eric a écrit:Il faut bien scanner la tronche de cet empaffé qui, dès 1945, a permis la réouverture des loges FM en France ....

Un site maçonnique a écrit:Mais laissons la parole à Dumesnil de Gramont qui a évoqué cette épopée lors du Convent du Rite Ecossais en 1945 :

« ... Lorsque je débarquai à Alger à l'automne 1943, j'appris avec stupéfaction que les lois et mesures anti-maçonniques de Vichy n'avaient pas été abrogées. Ainsi à s'en tenir à la lettre des textes, la reconstitution des Loges et des Obédiences demeurait interdite... Je manifestai au Commissaire de l'Intérieur mon éton­nement, pour ne pas dire mon indignation. Le Commissaire me répondit que les Maçons pouvaient se réunir comme il leur plaisait et que personne ne viendrait troubler ni incriminer leur Assemblée.

D'accord avec nos Frères les plus expérimentés de nos Loges d'Afrique du Nord, je rejetai catégoriquement cette solution hypo­crite... Il ne s'agissait pas de rentrer dans la cité reconquise par une porte dérobée... au contraire, c'était au grand jour et avec la consécration des textes officiels que nos Loges devaient reprendre leurs travaux.

Je n'entrerai pas ici dans le détail des démarches qu'il me fallut faire pour arriver à ce résultat. Qu'il me suffise de rappeler que le 15 décembre 1943, une Ordonnance conforme en sa rédaction à tout ce que nous avions demandé, annulait la Loi de Vichy sur les Sociétés dites secrètes et prescrivait la restitution de leurs biens... ».

Cette Ordonnance devait paraître au « Journal Officiel » une semaine plus tard, le 22 décembre 1943. Cette année-là, la Saint Jean d'Hiver fêtait la renaissance de la Franc-Maçonnerie Française qui reprenait force et vigueur après un sommeil de quarante mois.

Curieux, nous avons voulu savoir comment Michel Dumesnil de Gramont s'y était pris pour, en quelques semaines, arriver à ce résultat.

Dans leur « Histoire de la Franc-Maçonnerie Française », J.-A. Faucher et A. Ricker apportent quelques précisions sur les condi­tions dans lesquelles le Général de Gaulle a été amené à recon­naître les droits de libre réunion des Francs-Maçons.

Autre historien, Pierre Chevallier dans « Histoire de la Franc- Maçonnerie Française », tout en rapportant les propos des deux auteurs précédents, cite d'autres sources qui concordent avec les résultats de nos propres recherches et d'entretiens qu'ont bien voulu nous accorder deux profanes, alors collaborateurs du Géné­ral de Gaulle en cette fin d'année 1943.

Plusieurs Frères qui ont bien connu Michel Dumesnil de Gra­mont nous ont confirmé les faits ci-après.

Après avoir — comme il l'écrira plus tard — constaté que la Maçonnerie était toujours en sommeil dans les Territoires d'Afrique du Nord libérés par les Alliés, Michel Dumesnil de Gramont jugea que c'était au Général de Gaulle à trancher cette question.

Il se peut qu'il ait rencontré le Général à ce sujet, mais nous n'en n'avons aucune preuve.

Par contre on sait que Dumesnil de Gramont approcha Jacques Soustelle et Georges Gorse, qui n'était pas Maçon, et Yvon Morandat, un sympathisant, qui deviendra Franc-Maçon plus tard.

On comprend mieux la question adressée par Yvon Morandat, lui aussi membre de l'Assemblée Consultative, au Général de Gaulle lui demandant si l'exercice de la Franc-Maçonnerie était toujours interdite.

Du haut de sa tribune, le Général leur répondit : « Nous n'avons jamais reconnu les lois d'exception de Vichy, en conséquence la Franc-Maçonnerie n'a jamais cessé d'exister en France. »

Dans le Dakota, des "jésuites" restituent des terrains aux Sioux

Malo Tresca, le 19/05/2017 à 15h32
Mis à jour le 21/05/2017 à 9h05

Les "missionnaires" de la ville de Saint-François, dans le comté de Todd, devraient rendre d’ici à la fin du mois de mai plus de 500 hectares de la réserve indienne de Rosebud au peuple indigène Lakota.

(...)

http://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Catholicisme/Monde/Dakota-jesuites-restituent-terrains-Sioux-2017-05-19-1200848534

Stone-age Europeans 'were the first to set foot on North America'

Stone-age Europeans were the first to set foot on North America, beating American Indians (...), new archaeological evidence suggests.

(...)

The tools could reassert the long dismissed and discredited claim that Europeans in the form of Christopher Columbus and his crew were the first to discover the New World Photo: GETTY

4:12PM GMT 28 Feb 2012

In a discovery that could rewrite the history of the Americas, archaeologists have found a number of stone tools (...) bearing remarkable similarities to those made in Europe.

All of the ancient implements were discovered along the north-east coast of the USA.

The tools could reassert the long dismissed and discredited claim that Europeans in the form of Christopher Columbus and his crew were the first to discover the New World.

Previous discoveries of tools (...) prompted many archaeologists and historians to question claims that stone-age man managed to migrate to North America.

But the striking resemblance in the way the primitive American tools were made to European ones dating from the same period now suggests a remarkable migration took place.

Adding to the weight of evidence is fresh analysis of stone knife unearthed in the US in 1971 that revealed it was made of French flint.

(...)

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/howaboutthat/9110838/Stone-age-Europeans-were-the-first-to-set-foot-on-North-America.html

University of California Press

Across Atlantic Ice
The Origin of America's Clovis Culture
Dennis J. Stanford (Author), Bruce A. Bradley (Author), Michael Collins (Foreword)

Who were the first humans to inhabit North America? According to the now familiar story, mammal hunters entered the continent (...) via a land bridge that spanned the Bering Sea. Distinctive stone tools belonging to the Clovis culture established the presence of these early New World people. But are the Clovis tools Asian in origin? Drawing from original archaeological analysis, paleoclimatic research, and genetic studies, noted archaeologists Dennis J. Stanford and Bruce A. Bradley challenge the old narrative and, in the process, counter traditional—and often subjective—approaches to archaeological testing for historical relatedness. The authors apply rigorous scholarship to a hypothesis that places the technological antecedents of Clovis in Europe and posits that the first Americans crossed the Atlantic by boat and arrived earlier than previously thought. Supplying archaeological and oceanographic evidence to support this assertion, the book dismantles the old paradigm while persuasively linking Clovis technology with the culture of the Solutrean people who occupied France and Spain (...)

http://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520275782

Ancient city discovered deep in Amazonian rainforest linked to the legendary white-skinned Cloud People of Peru

By Daily Mail Reporter
Updated: 01:44 BST, 4 December 2008

A lost city discovered deep in the Amazon rainforest could unlock the secrets of a legendary tribe.

Little is known about the Cloud People of Peru, an ancient, white-skinned civilisation wiped out by disease and war in the 16th century.

But now archaeologists have uncovered a fortified citadel in a remote mountainous area of Peru known for its isolated natural beauty.

(...)

It is thought this settlement may finally help historians unlock the secrets of the 'white warriors of the clouds'.

The tribe had white skin and blonde hair - features which intrigue historians, as there is no known European ancestry in the region, where most inhabitants are darker skinned.

(...)

The Chachapoyas, also called the Warriors of the Clouds, were an Andean people living in the cloud forests of the Amazonian region of present-day Peru

(...)

The Cloud People once commanded a vast kingdom stretching across the Andes to the fringes of Peru's northern Amazon jungle, before it was conquered by the Incas.

(...)

Named because they lived in rainforests filled with cloud-like mist, the tribe later sided with the Spanish-colonialists to defeat the Incas.

But they were killed by epidemics of European diseases, such as measles and smallpox.

Much of their way of life, dating back to the ninth century, was also destroyed by pillaging, leaving little for archaeologists to examine.

(...)

Their culture is best known for the Kuellap fortress on the top of a mountain in Utcubamba, which can only be compared in scale to the Incas' Machu Picchu retreat, built hundreds of years later.

Two years ago, archaeologists found an underground burial vault inside a cave with five mummies, two intact with skin and hair.

Chachapoyas chronicler Pedro Cieza de Leon wrote of the tribe: 'They are the whitest and most handsome of all the people that I have seen, and their wives were so beautiful that because of their gentleness, many of them deserved to be the Incas' wives and to also be taken to the Sun Temple.

'The women and their husbands always dressed in woollen clothes and in their heads they wear their llautos [a woollen turban], which are a sign they wear to be known everywhere.'

(...)

The Chachapoyas' territory was located in the northern regions of the Andes in present-day Peru.

It encompassed the triangular region formed by the confluence of the Maranon and Utcubamba rivers, in the zone of Bagua, up to the basin of the Abiseo river.

The Maranon's size and the mountainous terrain meant the region was relatively isolated.

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1091550/Ancient-city-discovered-deep-Amazonian-rainforest-linked-legendary-white-skinned-Cloud-People-Peru.html

Moon-eyed people

(...)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon-eyed_people

Indian Lands, Indian Subsidies, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs

Chris Edwards

February 1, 2012

The federal government runs a large array of programs for the roughly 1 million American Indians who live on reservations. Many of the programs are housed within the Department of the Interior's Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) and Bureau of Indian Education (BIE). These two agencies have about 9,000 employees and spend $2.9 billion annually.[1]

(...)

The BIA and BIE cost federal taxpayers $2.9 billion in fiscal 2011.12 The agencies have about 9,000 employees, of which about 90 percent have Indian ancestry—apparently because of long-standing preferences in federal hiring.[13] The agencies operate about 50 different subsidy programs, including programs for education, economic development, tribal courts, road maintenance, agriculture, and social services.[14] The BIE provides primary and secondary education to 41,000 students in 183 schools.[15]

Aside from the BIA and BIE, many other federal agencies have subsidy programs for American Indians. The Department of Health and Human Services houses the Indian Health Service, which has a budget of about $4 billion. The Department of Housing and Urban Development runs the Native American Housing Block Grant Program, which has a budget of about $800 million. And the Department of Education spends more than $300 million a year on BIE schools. However, this essay focuses mainly on the programs, policies, and management of the BIA and BIE.

(...)

Recent data show that the high spending continues. In 2010, total federal spending on BIE schools—including day schools and boarding schools—was more than $1 billion, which included BIE spending of $736 million and Department of Education spending on BIE schools of $354 million.[68] That works out to an enormous $26,585 per student in BIE schools. By comparison, average federal, state, and local spending on K–12 public schools in the United States in 2009 was $12,449.[69]

(...)

Indian Gaming

(...)

Revenues from Indian gaming exploded from $100 million in 1988, to $13 billion in 2001, to $27 billion in 2010.76 That is more than twice the annual revenue raised by all Nevada casinos.[77] In 2009, 233 tribes—about 40 percent of all federally recognized tribes—operated 419 gaming operations.[78] However, Indian gaming revenues are concentrated, with the top 5 percent of operations generating 39 percent of all revenues. Some tribes have paid members $15,000 or so a month in gaming profits.[79]

The $27 billion generated from tribal gaming in 2009 dwarfs the $2.9 billion budget of the BIA. Federal taxpayers may wonder why they should have to pay for Indian subsidy programs when tribes are making that sort of cash. It seems particularly absurd that wealthy tribes receive federal hand-outs. Time profiled one "tribe" in California that had dwindled in size over time to a single individual.[80] She partnered with a Las Vegas gaming company and opened an Indian casino on a stretch of desert near Palm Springs. At the same time, this single-member "tribe" was also able to haul in $1 million over a two-year period from various federal Indian subsidy programs.[81]

(...)

Alaska Native Corporations

(...)

In cases like this, the effect of ANCs is to distort federal procurement by giving certain businesses an unfair advantage in winning contracts. In other cases, ANCs win contracts and keep them in-house even when they have little expertise in the activity. The effect is to steer federal work to possibly inferior businesses. As one example, a half-billion-dollar contract for scanning machines at U.S. border crossings was given to an ANC in 2002 that had little related experience.[104] The established leaders in the scanning machine field were not allowed to bid on this project.

ANCs are becoming an important issue because they are no longer a small and obscure part of federal contracting. The value of federal contracts won by ANCs soared from $508 million in 2000 to $5.2 billion in 2008.[105] Before the distortions caused by ANCs get any worse, federal policymakers should repeal these special contracting preferences.

Indian Trust Fund Mess

One of the more disturbing sagas in BIA's history is the century-long mishandling of hundreds of thousands of trust accounts for individual Indians. The saga may be finally coming to an end with the $3.4 billion settlement in 2009 of the Cobell v. Salazar class-action lawsuit.[106] However, it is worth reviewing because it reveals the BIA's severe mismanagement and it sheds light on problems in the land-tenure system of Indian reservations.

(...)

Much Indian land generates lease and royalty income from farming, mining, grazing, logging, oil and gas drilling, and other activities. The BIA was supposed to keep track of this income and allocate it to individual Indian trust accounts. But from the beginning, the government's bookkeeping for Indian lands and trust accounts was a mess—the government failed to collect billions of dollars from the users of Indian lands, and the money that it did collect was allocated to the accounts in a slipshod manner.

(...)

The Cobell lawsuit was a 13-year battle that spanned 3 presidents, 7 trials, 10 appeals, and dozens of court opinions.[122] While the government appears to have lost tens of billions of dollars of Indian monies, the Cobell team settled in 2009 for $3.4 billion. Of the total, $1.5 billion will be paid to a few hundred thousand Indian plaintiffs, and the other $1.9 billion will go into a fund to consolidate fractionated Indian lands.

(...)

https://www.downsizinggovernment.org/interior/indian-lands-indian-subsidies

Benjamin a écrit:
Tiens Roger, voilà ce sur quoi je suis tombé aujourd'hui :

Spoiler:

On essaie juste de profiter de nous autant que possible, tant que le rapport de force est en notre défaveur et que la brèche est ouverte.

Colombey : La tombe du général de Gaulle a été vandalisée

Par Francois le 27/05/2017

(...)

( source : http://www.fdesouche.com/856999-colombey-la-tombe-du-general-de-gaulle-ete-vandalisee )

( source de la source : http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/grand-est/colombey-deux-eglises-tombe-du-general-gaulle-profanee-1261915.html )